The money tree
Posted: Sat Jun 21, 2014 11:26 pm
【转译】The money tree 金钱树（数据适用于新加坡）
So many commitments, so little money? STEPHANIE YEO shows YOU how to tackle the common financial problems that many parents face.
这么多责任，这么少钱？Stephanie Yeo向你展示怎么处理父母常常遇到的财务问题
Q: I'm thinking of starting a family. but doesn't it cost a lot to raise a child today?
问：我想组建一个家庭。但是抚养小孩是不是很贵？
Circumstances differ among families, says Wayne daley, vice-president and an appointed representative with Ipac Financial Planning Singapore.
Wayne Daley说，不同的家庭有不同的情况。
But recent studies estimate that it costs about $350,000 in Singapore.
最近的研究表明，在新加坡（抚养一个小孩）要花费35万新币。
"While this seems a lot of money, remember it is over a period of some 22 years and takes into account the medical expenses of having the baby right up to graduation. That's around $16,000 per year. But, of course, some of those costs will be greater at certain times," he explains.
虽然看起来很多钱，但这些钱分散到了22年，而且还包括了医药费。
You don't have to do it alone, though.
Chng Bee Leng, head of Mass Segment at OCBC Bank, breaks down the projected costs - and help schemes - at each stage:
OCBC银行的Chng Bee Leng 把这些钱归类到了不同的阶段。
• Pre-delivery and delivery
生产前和生产
Medical fees at private hospitals cost an estimated $3,000 to $5,000. Set aside $1,500 to $5,000 more for essentials - everything from maternity clothes to breast pumps.
私立医院的医疗费是3000块到5000块，再留出1500块到5000块做其它用处，比如孕妇衣服和抽乳器。
Tap on the CPF Medisave Maternity Package to help with expenses before and after delivery. You can withdraw up to $4,200 from your Medisave account under this package. If you're having your third or fourth child, you get $6,000.
用CPF Medisave生产配套来帮助生产前后的开销，你可以从你的Medisave取4200块。如果你有第3或第4个小孩，你可以取6000块
"If you don't wish to claim for pre-delivery expenses, you can still use Medisave for the delivery procedure and daily hospital charges," she says.
如果你不想报销产前开销，你仍然可以用Medisave来对付生产程序和每天的医院费用。
• Infant/childcare expenses
婴儿、儿童抚养开销
A domestic helper or nanny costs about $6,000 to $7,500 a year, while infantcare is about $780 to $1,200 a month. Nursery and kindergarten chalk up $400 to $1,200 a month. And if you want to enrol Junior for enrichment, that will add $50 to $200 more a month.
女佣或保姆一年要用掉你6000到7500块钱，婴儿1个月要用780到1200块钱。托儿所和幼儿园一个月要用400到1200块钱。如果你想（这句没看懂），还要多付50到200块一月。
That's why you should use the $4,000 cash gift under the Government's Baby Bonus Scheme - it's yours to spend however you like. You'll also enjoy a government subsidy of $150 to $600 a month at some infantcare centres, and a childcare subsidy of $55 to $600.
这就是为什么你应该用政府的婴儿补助项目的4000块——你想怎么用就怎么用。你也可以享受政府补助的一个月150到600块钱用来付育婴所费用，加上55到600块一月的托儿所费用
Under the Baby Bonus Scheme, the Government also matches your savings in your Child Development Account dollar for dollar, up to $6,000 each for the first two children ($12,000 after the top-up). You can use the money to pay for childcare, Medishield- or Medisave-approved private integrated plans, and your kids' medical expenses at approved institutions.
在婴儿补助项目之下，你的小孩发展户口里的每一块钱，政府都多给一块钱，上限6000块，给你的首两个小孩，你可以用这个钱来付托儿所，Medishield住院保险，或Medisave批准的保险公司住院保险，以及在指定的机构付你小孩的医疗费用。
• Education
教育
"Planning for this is one of the heaviest investments that parents have to do, both financially and emotionally," says Bee Leng.
教育计划是父母必须做的最繁重的投资，不管是财务上，还是感情上。
In five to 21 years' time, she estimates that a four-year, non-medical degree at a local university would cost almost $150,000.
在5到21年后，本地大学的4年非医学学位需要用15万学费。
The figures seem daunting but Bee Leng says: "The key is to plan early and start saving as soon as your child is born." She suggests investing in endowment insurance plans, which help you save yet insure you against death and disability.
这个数字看起来很吓人，但关键是要尽早计划，在小孩出生的时候就开始储蓄。她建议说投资在保险储蓄计划，这样可以有储蓄又有死亡和伤残的保障。
Paul Hughes, chief marketing officer of AIA Singapore, recommends that you include a Payor Benefit rider for the plan. This will waive future premiums until your kid reaches a certain age, should you die or suffer from total permanent disability. He'll be assured of the payout when it matures, too.
Paul Hughes，美国友邦新加坡首席市场推广执行官，推荐说你包括一个付款人福利的付宝，如果父母在计划期间过世或严重伤残，父母不用再付保费，保险公司开始帮父母来付保费，直到保费每年付清。
"Read the terms and conditions of the rider plan carefully before purchasing it, as some riders provide coverage until a certain age before policy maturity, or may stipulate that premiums will be waived only when certain conditions are met," he adds.
买计划前，仔细读条例，一些附宝只保到保单成熟前的某个年龄，或者一些特定的情况发生时才生效。
Q: I'm a new mum and I'd like to quit my job and set up a work-from-home business. What do I need to know before I take the plunge?
我是一个新妈妈，我想结束我的工作，开始一个在家工作的生意。我做这个决定前需要知道什么？
While many stay-at-home mums have created successful home-based businesses, Wayne of Ipac cautions that most were not overnight successes.
一方面很多家庭主妇已经创建了很多成功的基于住家的生意，另一方面这些成功并不是一朝一夕的。
It's critical that you plan before you take the leap, says Sher-li Torrey, who founded Mums@Work (Singapore), a social enterprise that helps PMEB mums find flexible work arrangements or start their own companies.
最关键的是你要在做决定前仔细计划好。
Remember that running a business is different from being an employee, she stresses. You'll need to learn everything, from website maintenance to public relations, so you have to be disciplined and have a supportive spouse. The latter is important because finances can put a great strain on relationships, Wayne points out.
记住，做生意和做员工不一样。你需要学习所有的东西，从网站维护到公共关系，所以你要很有纪律性，并有一个支持你的配偶。后者很重要，因为财务对婚姻的压力很大。
"Before making the decision to start a home-based business or reduce working hours, sit down with your spouse and work out a detailed budget. This will give you a better understanding of how your decision will affect your finances and lifestyle. Be realistic in your budget projections and have an alternative plan if things don't work out," he says.
在做决定前（开始基于住家的生意或减少工作时间），坐来来和你配偶谈，做出一个详细的预算。这会让你更好的理解你的决定会如何影响你的财务和生活方式。对你的预算投射要务实，并有一个备用方案，来应付可能的失败。
After you've started your company, understand that you are not going to be a millionaire anytime soon, says Sher-li. Set realistic but promising goals in your first year.
你开始你公司后，自己要了解做百万富翁不是一下子的事情。在第一年设定好现实但有希望的目标。
Going into business for yourself won't solve your childcare problems, either. You'll still need to find a reliable babysitter when you have to meet a client or do deliveries.
自己做生意也不能解决你的小孩抚养的问题。在你必须见客户或投递包裹时，你仍然需要找一个可靠的保姆来帮你照顾小孩。
"Business is not always your top priority. You are going to have to forego certain business deals for your children," she says.
生意不总是你的最高优先项。你必须为了你的孩子而放弃一些特定的生意。
To make your business work, Sher-li advises mums to follow these steps:
为了让你的生意运转下去，可以参照以下几步：
• Don't be scared to learn
不要害怕学习
Because you are likely to be starting a small business with little capital, there's always a need to find a more cost-effective solution. That usually means more learning the ropes.
因为你很可能是用少量的资产开始一个小的公司，永远都需要找一个性价比高的方案，这个过程需要学习和探索
• Network as much as you can.
尽量社交
Try to find like-minded people to hang out with. You will be surprised at the insights they can give you regarding your business.
尝试着找志同道合的人一起。你会为他们能给你的意见的洞察度而惊讶
• Be upright in your business dealings and maintain a good business image.
在做生意中要表现得正直，传达出一个好的生意形象。
You will be surprised at how much negative publicity can happen when you conduct yourself in an unscrupulous way. Word always gets around, and for small business owners, it can be very damaging.
如果你无道德原则，你会惊讶的发现你的公众效应会有多负面，这对小公司老板是毁灭性的。
• Constantly upgrade
持续进步
There will always be competitors, so you need to constantly upgrade and do better. Mums@Work, for instance, holds regular workshops for budding mumpreneuers. Visit www.mumsatwork.net for more information.
永远有竞争者，所以你需要持续进步，做得更好。
Q: My kids are becoming too materialistic - they think the ATM and credit card are free money.How do I instil in them the value of money?
问：我的孩子太物质了——他们认为ATM和信用卡的钱是免费的。我需要怎么教育他们钱的价值？
Money management is a critical life skill that should be taught from young, says Bee Leng from OCBC Bank.
金钱管理是一个重要的生活技能，需要从小学起
"The heart of financial literacy is about instilling the right values towards money, inculcating good savings habits and making sound choices with your available resources."
财务教育的核心是灌输正确的金钱价值观。反复灌输好的储蓄习惯，并用你的可用资源来做正确的选择。
She shows you how to teach your kids using everyday routines.
• Needs versus wants
需求和想要
Introduce this concept while shopping. For example, play a game of needs versus wants when the family is buying groceries, and the child can learn about the necessities and the good-to-haves.
在购物时介绍这个概念。比如说，在杂货店买东西时，做一个“需求和想要”的游戏，小孩可以学习必需品和非必需品（的区别）
• Save towards a goal
为目标而存钱
Teach the concept of delayed gratification and discipline by having him save for a new toy that he wants.
通过让孩子储蓄来买他想要的玩具，来教他怎么延迟他（现在想达到）的满足。
Wayne from Ipac adds: "Don't stop them from spending their money once they have reached their savings goal. This will help them evaluate whether their decision to buy an item was a good or bad one, and may make them think twice before spending their money next time."
当他们达到他们的储蓄目标时，不要阻止他们用钱。这会帮助他们评估他们的购买决定是好还是坏，也会让他们在下次用钱时二度思考他们的决定
• Open a savings account for your child and start him on a savings programme.
为你的小孩开一个储蓄户头，让他自己储蓄。
OCBC, for instance, uses a sticker and cards that help kids form a life-long habit of putting aside some money regularly.
"As he sees his money grow in the account, he will be motivated to save further," Bee Leng says.
• Keep a budget
保持预算
Introduce this subject when he is older. Explain that the household expense is managed on a budget, and items like food get more priority than toys.
当他更大一点时，介绍这个主题。解释说家用开销是有预算的，然后一些东西，像食物，是比玩具更重要的。
If you want to say no to his request for a toy, explain why - say, the toy budget for the month has been used, or if the toy busts your budgeted amount.
如果你要拒绝他买玩具的请求，解释为什么——比如说，这个月的玩具预算已经用完了，或这个玩具太贵超出预算。
When he is in primary school, give him an allowance to help him visualise how to manage money on a budget. He will have to decide how to allocate this limited amount for saving, spending and charity.
当他在小学，给他一定的钱，来帮助他学习怎么在预算下管理金钱，他会不得不决定怎么用有限的钱来储蓄，花费，和送人。
• Earning money is never easy
赚钱从来不容易
"This is a key lesson children have to learn," she says.
这是小孩最应该学的概念
Reward him for chores around the house with money, which he can use for simple expenses.
让他做家务，并因此给他钱，让他做简单的消费。
"Children are likely to spend differently when they are spending their own money. They also learn to curb their expenditure when they learn that buying one item may mean having to sacrifice something else."
如果是自己赚的钱，小孩会花得比较不同。当他们发现买一个物件意味着牺牲一些其它的东西，他们也会学会减少开支
• The credit card lesson
信用卡之课
When you use your credit card in front of your child, make it a point to explain why you are paying with it - for convenience or because you enjoy better discounts.
当你在你小孩面前用信用卡时，告诉小孩你为什么要用信用卡——为了方便，或者是因为你要折扣。
Tell him how you use your savings to pay your bills in full at the end of each billing cycle, and what would happen if you didn't.
告诉他你怎样在每一个账单结算日付你的账单，以及如果不付账单，什么事情会发生。
• Compare prices
比较价格
Encourage your children to do this when buying things. This develops thrift.
鼓励你的小孩在买东西时比较价格，这会培养勤俭节约的习惯。
Q: My hubby's a spender and I'm a saver. We're always quarrelling about money.it has become worse since we had a baby. Can you help?
问：我老公花钱，我存钱。我们老是为钱吵架，尤其是在我们有小孩之后，怎么办？
"Surveys consistently show that the most common cause of arguments between parents in a first marriage is money - so you are not alone!" says child psychologist Dr Richard Woolfson.
调查发现，在第一次婚姻中，导致争吵的最常见的原因，就是钱。
In fact, a recent survey showed just that.
The 2011 AIA Nationwide Protection Survey found that 74 per cent of Singaporeans had discussed their financial protection needs with their spouse, but less than half knew all the details about their spouse's life insurance policies.
2011 AIA 全国保障调查发现，74%的新加坡人和他们的配偶已经讨论过他们的财务保障，低于一半的人知道自己另一半的人寿保险计划的详细情况
It polled over 1,000 Singaporeans. "Married Singaporeans are not having the right conversations about their financial protection needs with their spouse," says Paul of AIA Singapore.
调查一共调查了1000多个新加坡人。已婚新加坡人没有和自己的另一半有过正确的关于财务保障的谈话
Couples tend to disagree during stressful situations or new transitions in life, explains psychologist Daniel Koh.
在困难的环境下，或在生活的转折点，夫妻倾向于有不同的意见。
"So, it is best to discuss such issues when both of you can share and listen in a realistic, open and honest manner."
He suggests:
所以，最好是在你们两个人都能在一个务实，开明和诚实的状态下，分享和聆听彼此的想法。
• Understand his motivation
理解他的动机
Make it a point to understand each others' habits and the trigger for spending or saving. Why is it important to your spouse?
互相理解对方的习惯，以及消费和储蓄的动机：为什么它对你的配偶是重要的？
Instead of just attacking the behaviour, try to see it from his perspective. After listening, make it a point to compromise. Avoid name-calling and blaming each other.
与其只是攻击对方的行为，不如尝试着从他的立场看问题。在聆听后，尝试妥协，避免互相指责。
• Communicate concern
交流担忧的事情
Let him know what is it that you are worried about and give examples. Seeing it visually does help him see the big picture.
让他知道你担忧什么，并给例子。让他能在脑海里看到你担忧的情景。
Explore ways to meet each other's needs or wants, rather than insisting that it must be done your way.
探索满足双方需求的方法，而不是坚持说事情必须按你的套路进行下去。
For instance, you could monitor one month's worth of expenses from the both of you so you can determine the real situation. Some couples do have separate savings apart from the joint account, so it's important to set clear boundaries as to when this money can be used, and how much each should contribute.
比如，你可以监控双方的月开销来总结出一个真实的情况。一些夫妻在共同户口外有分开的储蓄，所以界限分明很重要，比如什么时候这些钱可以用，以及双方应该各自贡献多少
Take a look at the family budget so that both spouses understand the potential areas in which you can save more, suggests Wayne of Ipac Financial Planning Singapore.
看看家庭预算，这样夫妻双方都能理解什么潜在方面可以省更多的钱。
"For example, newborns don't need designer label clothes and shoes. Some other areas to cut back on could be overseas travel and dining out."
比如，新生儿衣服和孩子不需要名牌，出国旅游和外出用餐也可以减少。
A financial planner could help in this case, too, says Wayne. "Not only does a planner lend an objective view but if you're adjusting to the demands of a newborn, often you have very little time for each other."
理财规划师（像谢文宇）可以在这个情况下帮忙。一个规划师可以帮助你计划，帮助你节省时间，这样你有更多时间在应付新生儿的需求。
Q: I've heard you should save for your retirement first. But how can I when I have kids and in-laws to support?
有人告诉我需要为退休存钱，但我怎么能在有小孩和内亲的时候为退休存钱?
Liquidity is your priority, says Mark Leong, head of Financial Protection Specialists at OCBC Bank. "With the added responsibility of supporting elderly relatives, you need to ensure easy access to cash during emergencies."
流动资金是你的优先考虑，当你抚养老人的责任增加时，你需要有流动资金，来应付紧急事情的发生。
This would be difficult if your funds are locked up in investments that are difficult to cash out of, or where you could lose money if you terminate early.
如果你的钱在投资项目里不能轻易取出，或取出有惩罚，那资金流动性就有问题，
Wayne admits that saving for retirement often takes a back seat during this period.
退休储蓄在这个时候确实有点难
"However, saving even a small amount above what's contributed to your CPF while the children are growing up can help you on your way to a happy retirement. When the kids graduate and start working, your ability to save for retirement will increase," he says.
然后，在你的CPF之上哪怕储蓄少额钱，当你小孩长大后，也能帮助你达到快乐养老。当小孩毕业，开始工作后，你为养老储蓄的能力就增加了。
"Many young families overlook the importance of insurance at this time; some because they are just too busy and others because of the cost.
很多年轻家庭忽视了保险的重要性。有的因为他们太忙，有的因为他们觉得不想花这个钱
It's important to make sure that, as a family, you have sufficient insurance to cover those unknown events, like illness or the loss of a partner."
确保你有足够的保险来保障不可预见的事情，如疾病或死亡，是对家庭非常重要的
The 2011 AIA Nationwide Protection Survey found that almost six in 10 Singaporeans think they've prepared for their dependants' financial protection needs.
2011 AIA全国保障调查发现，10个新加坡人中有6个认为他们有为他们的依靠人准备好财务保障需求。
But the reality is, fewer than two in 10 are. It's also prudent to buy mortgage insurance so your loan repayments are covered, if anything happens to you, Mark adds.
然而事实是，10个中不到2个有做好保障。房贷险也很重要，如果你发生了什么事，有保险公司帮你付房贷。
After this, you can then focus on priorities like your children's health and education, says Paul from AIA.
AIA的PAUL说，做好保障后，你才可以专注于小孩的健康和教育。
You can buy a Medisave-approved Integrated Shield plan from private insurers that will help foot the medical bills if Junior is hospitalised or has to undergo surgery, he says.
你可以买MEDISAVE批准的保险公司住院保险来帮助你的小孩保障好住院或手术账单的开销。
If you have extra money, look for investments that seek to grow your money over the longer term, but are generally low risk and easy to liquidate when needed, such as unit trusts, suggests Mark.
如果你有多余的钱，去做长线投资，但要是低风险，并很容易提现，如基金投资
Consider dollar cost averaging to make sure you're not financially stretched. This means investing a fixed amount over a regular period, like every month.
用平滑资金来确定你不会因为差的市场而亏钱。意思就是让你定期投资固定的金额，如每月
"In this manner, you buy more units in the unit trust when the price is low, and fewer units when the price is high during volatile market situations," he explains.
在这种情况下，当基金单位价格低时，你买更多的基金单位，当基金单位价格高时，你买更少的基金单位，这样可以应付市场的不稳定。
Key things to remember
关键要记住的点：
"The key is to plan early and start saving as soon as your child is born."
”关键是要早计划，并尽早储蓄，最好是小孩出生时
"Business is not always your top priority. You are going to have to forego certain business deals for your kids."
做生意永远不是最优先考虑的事情，你需要为你的小孩舍弃一些生意
"Kids are likely to spend differently when they are spending their own money."
小孩在用自己赚的钱时，会花得不一样一点。
"Couples tend to disagree during stressful situations. It's best to discuss such issues when both of you can share in an open and honest manner."
当生活有压力时，夫妻往往趋向于有不同的意见，最好是夫妻双方能在一个开明和诚实的前提下讨论问题。
So many commitments, so little money? STEPHANIE YEO shows YOU how to tackle the common financial problems that many parents face.
这么多责任，这么少钱？Stephanie Yeo向你展示怎么处理父母常常遇到的财务问题
Q: I'm thinking of starting a family. but doesn't it cost a lot to raise a child today?
问：我想组建一个家庭。但是抚养小孩是不是很贵？
Circumstances differ among families, says Wayne daley, vice-president and an appointed representative with Ipac Financial Planning Singapore.
Wayne Daley说，不同的家庭有不同的情况。
But recent studies estimate that it costs about $350,000 in Singapore.
最近的研究表明，在新加坡（抚养一个小孩）要花费35万新币。
"While this seems a lot of money, remember it is over a period of some 22 years and takes into account the medical expenses of having the baby right up to graduation. That's around $16,000 per year. But, of course, some of those costs will be greater at certain times," he explains.
虽然看起来很多钱，但这些钱分散到了22年，而且还包括了医药费。
You don't have to do it alone, though.
Chng Bee Leng, head of Mass Segment at OCBC Bank, breaks down the projected costs - and help schemes - at each stage:
OCBC银行的Chng Bee Leng 把这些钱归类到了不同的阶段。
• Pre-delivery and delivery
生产前和生产
Medical fees at private hospitals cost an estimated $3,000 to $5,000. Set aside $1,500 to $5,000 more for essentials - everything from maternity clothes to breast pumps.
私立医院的医疗费是3000块到5000块，再留出1500块到5000块做其它用处，比如孕妇衣服和抽乳器。
Tap on the CPF Medisave Maternity Package to help with expenses before and after delivery. You can withdraw up to $4,200 from your Medisave account under this package. If you're having your third or fourth child, you get $6,000.
用CPF Medisave生产配套来帮助生产前后的开销，你可以从你的Medisave取4200块。如果你有第3或第4个小孩，你可以取6000块
"If you don't wish to claim for pre-delivery expenses, you can still use Medisave for the delivery procedure and daily hospital charges," she says.
如果你不想报销产前开销，你仍然可以用Medisave来对付生产程序和每天的医院费用。
• Infant/childcare expenses
婴儿、儿童抚养开销
A domestic helper or nanny costs about $6,000 to $7,500 a year, while infantcare is about $780 to $1,200 a month. Nursery and kindergarten chalk up $400 to $1,200 a month. And if you want to enrol Junior for enrichment, that will add $50 to $200 more a month.
女佣或保姆一年要用掉你6000到7500块钱，婴儿1个月要用780到1200块钱。托儿所和幼儿园一个月要用400到1200块钱。如果你想（这句没看懂），还要多付50到200块一月。
That's why you should use the $4,000 cash gift under the Government's Baby Bonus Scheme - it's yours to spend however you like. You'll also enjoy a government subsidy of $150 to $600 a month at some infantcare centres, and a childcare subsidy of $55 to $600.
这就是为什么你应该用政府的婴儿补助项目的4000块——你想怎么用就怎么用。你也可以享受政府补助的一个月150到600块钱用来付育婴所费用，加上55到600块一月的托儿所费用
Under the Baby Bonus Scheme, the Government also matches your savings in your Child Development Account dollar for dollar, up to $6,000 each for the first two children ($12,000 after the top-up). You can use the money to pay for childcare, Medishield- or Medisave-approved private integrated plans, and your kids' medical expenses at approved institutions.
在婴儿补助项目之下，你的小孩发展户口里的每一块钱，政府都多给一块钱，上限6000块，给你的首两个小孩，你可以用这个钱来付托儿所，Medishield住院保险，或Medisave批准的保险公司住院保险，以及在指定的机构付你小孩的医疗费用。
• Education
教育
"Planning for this is one of the heaviest investments that parents have to do, both financially and emotionally," says Bee Leng.
教育计划是父母必须做的最繁重的投资，不管是财务上，还是感情上。
In five to 21 years' time, she estimates that a four-year, non-medical degree at a local university would cost almost $150,000.
在5到21年后，本地大学的4年非医学学位需要用15万学费。
The figures seem daunting but Bee Leng says: "The key is to plan early and start saving as soon as your child is born." She suggests investing in endowment insurance plans, which help you save yet insure you against death and disability.
这个数字看起来很吓人，但关键是要尽早计划，在小孩出生的时候就开始储蓄。她建议说投资在保险储蓄计划，这样可以有储蓄又有死亡和伤残的保障。
Paul Hughes, chief marketing officer of AIA Singapore, recommends that you include a Payor Benefit rider for the plan. This will waive future premiums until your kid reaches a certain age, should you die or suffer from total permanent disability. He'll be assured of the payout when it matures, too.
Paul Hughes，美国友邦新加坡首席市场推广执行官，推荐说你包括一个付款人福利的付宝，如果父母在计划期间过世或严重伤残，父母不用再付保费，保险公司开始帮父母来付保费，直到保费每年付清。
"Read the terms and conditions of the rider plan carefully before purchasing it, as some riders provide coverage until a certain age before policy maturity, or may stipulate that premiums will be waived only when certain conditions are met," he adds.
买计划前，仔细读条例，一些附宝只保到保单成熟前的某个年龄，或者一些特定的情况发生时才生效。
Q: I'm a new mum and I'd like to quit my job and set up a work-from-home business. What do I need to know before I take the plunge?
我是一个新妈妈，我想结束我的工作，开始一个在家工作的生意。我做这个决定前需要知道什么？
While many stay-at-home mums have created successful home-based businesses, Wayne of Ipac cautions that most were not overnight successes.
一方面很多家庭主妇已经创建了很多成功的基于住家的生意，另一方面这些成功并不是一朝一夕的。
It's critical that you plan before you take the leap, says Sher-li Torrey, who founded Mums@Work (Singapore), a social enterprise that helps PMEB mums find flexible work arrangements or start their own companies.
最关键的是你要在做决定前仔细计划好。
Remember that running a business is different from being an employee, she stresses. You'll need to learn everything, from website maintenance to public relations, so you have to be disciplined and have a supportive spouse. The latter is important because finances can put a great strain on relationships, Wayne points out.
记住，做生意和做员工不一样。你需要学习所有的东西，从网站维护到公共关系，所以你要很有纪律性，并有一个支持你的配偶。后者很重要，因为财务对婚姻的压力很大。
"Before making the decision to start a home-based business or reduce working hours, sit down with your spouse and work out a detailed budget. This will give you a better understanding of how your decision will affect your finances and lifestyle. Be realistic in your budget projections and have an alternative plan if things don't work out," he says.
在做决定前（开始基于住家的生意或减少工作时间），坐来来和你配偶谈，做出一个详细的预算。这会让你更好的理解你的决定会如何影响你的财务和生活方式。对你的预算投射要务实，并有一个备用方案，来应付可能的失败。
After you've started your company, understand that you are not going to be a millionaire anytime soon, says Sher-li. Set realistic but promising goals in your first year.
你开始你公司后，自己要了解做百万富翁不是一下子的事情。在第一年设定好现实但有希望的目标。
Going into business for yourself won't solve your childcare problems, either. You'll still need to find a reliable babysitter when you have to meet a client or do deliveries.
自己做生意也不能解决你的小孩抚养的问题。在你必须见客户或投递包裹时，你仍然需要找一个可靠的保姆来帮你照顾小孩。
"Business is not always your top priority. You are going to have to forego certain business deals for your children," she says.
生意不总是你的最高优先项。你必须为了你的孩子而放弃一些特定的生意。
To make your business work, Sher-li advises mums to follow these steps:
为了让你的生意运转下去，可以参照以下几步：
• Don't be scared to learn
不要害怕学习
Because you are likely to be starting a small business with little capital, there's always a need to find a more cost-effective solution. That usually means more learning the ropes.
因为你很可能是用少量的资产开始一个小的公司，永远都需要找一个性价比高的方案，这个过程需要学习和探索
• Network as much as you can.
尽量社交
Try to find like-minded people to hang out with. You will be surprised at the insights they can give you regarding your business.
尝试着找志同道合的人一起。你会为他们能给你的意见的洞察度而惊讶
• Be upright in your business dealings and maintain a good business image.
在做生意中要表现得正直，传达出一个好的生意形象。
You will be surprised at how much negative publicity can happen when you conduct yourself in an unscrupulous way. Word always gets around, and for small business owners, it can be very damaging.
如果你无道德原则，你会惊讶的发现你的公众效应会有多负面，这对小公司老板是毁灭性的。
• Constantly upgrade
持续进步
There will always be competitors, so you need to constantly upgrade and do better. Mums@Work, for instance, holds regular workshops for budding mumpreneuers. Visit www.mumsatwork.net for more information.
永远有竞争者，所以你需要持续进步，做得更好。
Q: My kids are becoming too materialistic - they think the ATM and credit card are free money.How do I instil in them the value of money?
问：我的孩子太物质了——他们认为ATM和信用卡的钱是免费的。我需要怎么教育他们钱的价值？
Money management is a critical life skill that should be taught from young, says Bee Leng from OCBC Bank.
金钱管理是一个重要的生活技能，需要从小学起
"The heart of financial literacy is about instilling the right values towards money, inculcating good savings habits and making sound choices with your available resources."
财务教育的核心是灌输正确的金钱价值观。反复灌输好的储蓄习惯，并用你的可用资源来做正确的选择。
She shows you how to teach your kids using everyday routines.
• Needs versus wants
需求和想要
Introduce this concept while shopping. For example, play a game of needs versus wants when the family is buying groceries, and the child can learn about the necessities and the good-to-haves.
在购物时介绍这个概念。比如说，在杂货店买东西时，做一个“需求和想要”的游戏，小孩可以学习必需品和非必需品（的区别）
• Save towards a goal
为目标而存钱
Teach the concept of delayed gratification and discipline by having him save for a new toy that he wants.
通过让孩子储蓄来买他想要的玩具，来教他怎么延迟他（现在想达到）的满足。
Wayne from Ipac adds: "Don't stop them from spending their money once they have reached their savings goal. This will help them evaluate whether their decision to buy an item was a good or bad one, and may make them think twice before spending their money next time."
当他们达到他们的储蓄目标时，不要阻止他们用钱。这会帮助他们评估他们的购买决定是好还是坏，也会让他们在下次用钱时二度思考他们的决定
• Open a savings account for your child and start him on a savings programme.
为你的小孩开一个储蓄户头，让他自己储蓄。
OCBC, for instance, uses a sticker and cards that help kids form a life-long habit of putting aside some money regularly.
"As he sees his money grow in the account, he will be motivated to save further," Bee Leng says.
• Keep a budget
保持预算
Introduce this subject when he is older. Explain that the household expense is managed on a budget, and items like food get more priority than toys.
当他更大一点时，介绍这个主题。解释说家用开销是有预算的，然后一些东西，像食物，是比玩具更重要的。
If you want to say no to his request for a toy, explain why - say, the toy budget for the month has been used, or if the toy busts your budgeted amount.
如果你要拒绝他买玩具的请求，解释为什么——比如说，这个月的玩具预算已经用完了，或这个玩具太贵超出预算。
When he is in primary school, give him an allowance to help him visualise how to manage money on a budget. He will have to decide how to allocate this limited amount for saving, spending and charity.
当他在小学，给他一定的钱，来帮助他学习怎么在预算下管理金钱，他会不得不决定怎么用有限的钱来储蓄，花费，和送人。
• Earning money is never easy
赚钱从来不容易
"This is a key lesson children have to learn," she says.
这是小孩最应该学的概念
Reward him for chores around the house with money, which he can use for simple expenses.
让他做家务，并因此给他钱，让他做简单的消费。
"Children are likely to spend differently when they are spending their own money. They also learn to curb their expenditure when they learn that buying one item may mean having to sacrifice something else."
如果是自己赚的钱，小孩会花得比较不同。当他们发现买一个物件意味着牺牲一些其它的东西，他们也会学会减少开支
• The credit card lesson
信用卡之课
When you use your credit card in front of your child, make it a point to explain why you are paying with it - for convenience or because you enjoy better discounts.
当你在你小孩面前用信用卡时，告诉小孩你为什么要用信用卡——为了方便，或者是因为你要折扣。
Tell him how you use your savings to pay your bills in full at the end of each billing cycle, and what would happen if you didn't.
告诉他你怎样在每一个账单结算日付你的账单，以及如果不付账单，什么事情会发生。
• Compare prices
比较价格
Encourage your children to do this when buying things. This develops thrift.
鼓励你的小孩在买东西时比较价格，这会培养勤俭节约的习惯。
Q: My hubby's a spender and I'm a saver. We're always quarrelling about money.it has become worse since we had a baby. Can you help?
问：我老公花钱，我存钱。我们老是为钱吵架，尤其是在我们有小孩之后，怎么办？
"Surveys consistently show that the most common cause of arguments between parents in a first marriage is money - so you are not alone!" says child psychologist Dr Richard Woolfson.
调查发现，在第一次婚姻中，导致争吵的最常见的原因，就是钱。
In fact, a recent survey showed just that.
The 2011 AIA Nationwide Protection Survey found that 74 per cent of Singaporeans had discussed their financial protection needs with their spouse, but less than half knew all the details about their spouse's life insurance policies.
2011 AIA 全国保障调查发现，74%的新加坡人和他们的配偶已经讨论过他们的财务保障，低于一半的人知道自己另一半的人寿保险计划的详细情况
It polled over 1,000 Singaporeans. "Married Singaporeans are not having the right conversations about their financial protection needs with their spouse," says Paul of AIA Singapore.
调查一共调查了1000多个新加坡人。已婚新加坡人没有和自己的另一半有过正确的关于财务保障的谈话
Couples tend to disagree during stressful situations or new transitions in life, explains psychologist Daniel Koh.
在困难的环境下，或在生活的转折点，夫妻倾向于有不同的意见。
"So, it is best to discuss such issues when both of you can share and listen in a realistic, open and honest manner."
He suggests:
所以，最好是在你们两个人都能在一个务实，开明和诚实的状态下，分享和聆听彼此的想法。
• Understand his motivation
理解他的动机
Make it a point to understand each others' habits and the trigger for spending or saving. Why is it important to your spouse?
互相理解对方的习惯，以及消费和储蓄的动机：为什么它对你的配偶是重要的？
Instead of just attacking the behaviour, try to see it from his perspective. After listening, make it a point to compromise. Avoid name-calling and blaming each other.
与其只是攻击对方的行为，不如尝试着从他的立场看问题。在聆听后，尝试妥协，避免互相指责。
• Communicate concern
交流担忧的事情
Let him know what is it that you are worried about and give examples. Seeing it visually does help him see the big picture.
让他知道你担忧什么，并给例子。让他能在脑海里看到你担忧的情景。
Explore ways to meet each other's needs or wants, rather than insisting that it must be done your way.
探索满足双方需求的方法，而不是坚持说事情必须按你的套路进行下去。
For instance, you could monitor one month's worth of expenses from the both of you so you can determine the real situation. Some couples do have separate savings apart from the joint account, so it's important to set clear boundaries as to when this money can be used, and how much each should contribute.
比如，你可以监控双方的月开销来总结出一个真实的情况。一些夫妻在共同户口外有分开的储蓄，所以界限分明很重要，比如什么时候这些钱可以用，以及双方应该各自贡献多少
Take a look at the family budget so that both spouses understand the potential areas in which you can save more, suggests Wayne of Ipac Financial Planning Singapore.
看看家庭预算，这样夫妻双方都能理解什么潜在方面可以省更多的钱。
"For example, newborns don't need designer label clothes and shoes. Some other areas to cut back on could be overseas travel and dining out."
比如，新生儿衣服和孩子不需要名牌，出国旅游和外出用餐也可以减少。
A financial planner could help in this case, too, says Wayne. "Not only does a planner lend an objective view but if you're adjusting to the demands of a newborn, often you have very little time for each other."
理财规划师（像谢文宇）可以在这个情况下帮忙。一个规划师可以帮助你计划，帮助你节省时间，这样你有更多时间在应付新生儿的需求。
Q: I've heard you should save for your retirement first. But how can I when I have kids and in-laws to support?
有人告诉我需要为退休存钱，但我怎么能在有小孩和内亲的时候为退休存钱?
Liquidity is your priority, says Mark Leong, head of Financial Protection Specialists at OCBC Bank. "With the added responsibility of supporting elderly relatives, you need to ensure easy access to cash during emergencies."
流动资金是你的优先考虑，当你抚养老人的责任增加时，你需要有流动资金，来应付紧急事情的发生。
This would be difficult if your funds are locked up in investments that are difficult to cash out of, or where you could lose money if you terminate early.
如果你的钱在投资项目里不能轻易取出，或取出有惩罚，那资金流动性就有问题，
Wayne admits that saving for retirement often takes a back seat during this period.
退休储蓄在这个时候确实有点难
"However, saving even a small amount above what's contributed to your CPF while the children are growing up can help you on your way to a happy retirement. When the kids graduate and start working, your ability to save for retirement will increase," he says.
然后，在你的CPF之上哪怕储蓄少额钱，当你小孩长大后，也能帮助你达到快乐养老。当小孩毕业，开始工作后，你为养老储蓄的能力就增加了。
"Many young families overlook the importance of insurance at this time; some because they are just too busy and others because of the cost.
很多年轻家庭忽视了保险的重要性。有的因为他们太忙，有的因为他们觉得不想花这个钱
It's important to make sure that, as a family, you have sufficient insurance to cover those unknown events, like illness or the loss of a partner."
确保你有足够的保险来保障不可预见的事情，如疾病或死亡，是对家庭非常重要的
The 2011 AIA Nationwide Protection Survey found that almost six in 10 Singaporeans think they've prepared for their dependants' financial protection needs.
2011 AIA全国保障调查发现，10个新加坡人中有6个认为他们有为他们的依靠人准备好财务保障需求。
But the reality is, fewer than two in 10 are. It's also prudent to buy mortgage insurance so your loan repayments are covered, if anything happens to you, Mark adds.
然而事实是，10个中不到2个有做好保障。房贷险也很重要，如果你发生了什么事，有保险公司帮你付房贷。
After this, you can then focus on priorities like your children's health and education, says Paul from AIA.
AIA的PAUL说，做好保障后，你才可以专注于小孩的健康和教育。
You can buy a Medisave-approved Integrated Shield plan from private insurers that will help foot the medical bills if Junior is hospitalised or has to undergo surgery, he says.
你可以买MEDISAVE批准的保险公司住院保险来帮助你的小孩保障好住院或手术账单的开销。
If you have extra money, look for investments that seek to grow your money over the longer term, but are generally low risk and easy to liquidate when needed, such as unit trusts, suggests Mark.
如果你有多余的钱，去做长线投资，但要是低风险，并很容易提现，如基金投资
Consider dollar cost averaging to make sure you're not financially stretched. This means investing a fixed amount over a regular period, like every month.
用平滑资金来确定你不会因为差的市场而亏钱。意思就是让你定期投资固定的金额，如每月
"In this manner, you buy more units in the unit trust when the price is low, and fewer units when the price is high during volatile market situations," he explains.
在这种情况下，当基金单位价格低时，你买更多的基金单位，当基金单位价格高时，你买更少的基金单位，这样可以应付市场的不稳定。
Key things to remember
关键要记住的点：
"The key is to plan early and start saving as soon as your child is born."
”关键是要早计划，并尽早储蓄，最好是小孩出生时
"Business is not always your top priority. You are going to have to forego certain business deals for your kids."
做生意永远不是最优先考虑的事情，你需要为你的小孩舍弃一些生意
"Kids are likely to spend differently when they are spending their own money."
小孩在用自己赚的钱时，会花得不一样一点。
"Couples tend to disagree during stressful situations. It's best to discuss such issues when both of you can share in an open and honest manner."
当生活有压力时，夫妻往往趋向于有不同的意见，最好是夫妻双方能在一个开明和诚实的前提下讨论问题。
