The choristers are confident of performing on stage tomorrow. Since the arrival of the new instructor, the members _________________y at seven different venues.
1. perform
2. performed
3. had performed
4. have performed
Why answer is No 4 instead No. 3

I saw my brother _________________my mother’s favourite vase.
1. break
2. broke
3. breaks
4. had broken
Why answer is No 1 instead No. 2